李鸿章海防思想与海军教育实践研究

【外文题名】A Study of Li Hongzhang’ Coastal Defense and Naval Education Practice

【作者】 田丽君

【关键词】 李鸿章 海防思想 海军教育

【外文关键词】 Li Hongzhang Coastal Defense Naval Education

【导师姓名】张学强，王兆璟

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2011

【学位授予单位】西北师范大学

【分类号】K256

【录入时间】2011-01-01

【全文挂接】

【摘要】章的海防思想与海军教育实践着力研究,力图挖掘出中国第一支近代化海军的教育体系,以及李鸿章之于近代海军教育的重要性。本文主要从以下几方面展开:首先,在晚清风雨飘摇的大背景下,以李鸿章为代表的少数开明官员海防思想发生了巨大的转变。李鸿章的海防思想从19世纪60年代始至北洋海军的建立经历了四次转变,他的海防思想不断完善,由原先的“以守为防”的消极防御转变为“以战为守”的积极防御。李鸿章海防战略思想最终完备成熟,并在这种海防思想的指导下开始创建北洋海军,最终于1888年建立了中国第一支近代化的北洋海军。其次,梳理李鸿章海军教育实践的内容。主要由两方面构成,一是创办新式学堂培养海军人才,创立的海军学堂包括天津水师学堂、山东威海卫水师学堂、旅顺口鱼雷学堂、北洋医学堂等;二是主持留学教育引进西方先进科技,包括留学美国和留学欧洲。再次,分析李鸿章海军教育实践的影响。李鸿章的海军教育实践培养了大批近代化的海军人才,把西方先进的科学技术知识和思想引入中国,对封建专制文化起到了一定的冲击作用,开拓了时人的视野,改变了人们的思维模式,为以后西学在中国的大量传播奠定了良好的基础,并创立了中国第一所官办军医学堂,培养了第一批中国自己的海军军医,推动了西医在我国的发展。李鸿章创办的海军学校教育,是对清末传统海军教育内容及人才选拔制度的重大变革,开创了近代海军教育的先河,形成了最早的中国近代海军教育体制。最后,应当客观的对李鸿章海军教育实践进行评价。

【外文摘要】Li Hongzhang’s Coastal Defense Council changing at any time, and eventuallymature. Under this comprehensive Coastal Defense guidance established of China’s firstmodern navy, and created the modern system of naval education and training of newNavy personnel. Li Hongzhang played a very important role on the development ofmodern naval education. Along with research efforts of Li Hongzhang increase in recentyears, more and more people are realizing the construction of Li Hongzhang in theNavy and the Navy’s historical achievements in education.This paper focus of LiHongzhang‘s coastal defense and naval educational practice, trying to dig out the firstChinese naval modernization of education system, and Li Hongzhang is the importanceof education in the modern navy. This article from the following aspects:First, in the context of the tumultuous late Qing Dynasty, whose as Li Hongzhangrepresented by minority open officials their coastal defense undergone tremendouschange. Li Hongzhang ’s Coastal Defense from the beginning of the 1860s to theestablishment of the Northern Navy has experienced four changes, he thought of coastaldefense and constantly improve, from the original " to keep the prevent " passivedefense into "war for the defense "active defense. Li Hongzhang’s coastal defenseeventually mature, and under this coastal defense the guidance of the Northern Navybegan to create. The final in 1888 established the first modern China of the NorthernNavy.Second, the sort the contents of Li Hongzhang’s naval education practice. Mainlyconsists of two aspects, one is the New Schools founder of the Navy personnel training,the creation of the Naval Academy including Tianjin Naval Academy, ShandongWeihai wei Naval Academy,Lushunkou Torpedo School, Northern Port Medical School,etc.; The second is the introduction of Western education, studying the auspices ofadvanced technology, including the studied in the U.S. and studied in Europe.Again, the analysis of Li Hongzhang’s Naval Education and Practice. LiHongzhang’s naval educational practice training a large number of modern Navypersonnel, advanced science, technology, knowledge and ideas of Western into China,shocked the feudal autocratic culture, pioneering the field of vision of people, change people’s thinking model, laid a good foundation for the future spread of Westernlearning in China, and the creation of the first government-run China Medical School,trained the first batch of China’s own naval medic, promote the development of Westernmedicine in China. Li Hongzhang founded the Naval School of Education is a majorchange that traditional naval personnel educational content and selection system in thelate Qing Dynasty, creating a precedent for the modern naval education, formed the firstmodern Chinese naval education system.Finally, it should be the objective of the evaluation of Li Hongzhang’s Navyeducational practices.