李鸿章形象研究

【外文题名】On Image Research of Li Hongzhang

【作者】 高波

【关键词】 李鸿章 李鸿章形象 历史人物评价

【外文关键词】 Li Hong zhang Image of Li Hong zhang critic of historical figure

【导师姓名】赵国华，尤学工

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2011

【学位授予单位】华中师范大学

【分类号】K256

【录入时间】2011-01-01

【全文挂接】

【摘要】但与朝廷和清流派不同,他们着重肯定李鸿章所办洋务的功绩。维新派虽然对李鸿章颇有微词,但基本肯定了李鸿章是个正面人物。革命派全面否定李鸿章,认为他是“汉奸”。民国遗民型学者延续了鉴戒史学对李鸿章的评价,认为他是个“忠臣”。近代化论者坚持李鸿章领导的洋务运动促进了中国的近代化事业,是中国近代化的先声。而与此观点相对立的马克思主义学者却抨击李鸿章是“万恶的民贼”、“反革命的魁首”、“满洲人的奴才”、“永远的投降派”。1949年以后马克思主义学者支配史坛,李鸿章成为“卖国贼”,直到20世纪80年代末李鸿章形象被重塑,成为中国“迈向现代化的第一人”。从清末、民国到新中国,李鸿章形象的变化很大。笔者认为影响李鸿章形象的因素有三个,政治因素、价值观变化和史学理论与方法的变化,并逐一进行了较深刻地分析。结语探讨了李鸿章形象的塑造过程中存在的一些问题,通过对这些问题的思考,对历史人物评价的理论与方法进行重新的认识,并对人物评价未来的发展进行展望。

【外文摘要】This essay refresh people’s judgment on Li Hong-zhang over a century, reappearing the real image and its variation process of Li Hong-zhang in different stages, analyzing the elements that affected image variation of Li Hong-zhang.The politician group in Qing Dynasty has various evaluations on Li Hongzhang. From the sight of view of Imperial court, Li Hong-zhang is a loyal courtier, however the School of Qingliu recognize him as a treacherous courtier. They appraise the Li Hong-zhang’s achievements in internal and diplomatic affairs after Gengzi Incident. The Westernization group identifies the image of loyal courtier of Li Hong-zhang, related to different with Imperial court and School of Qingliu, the Westernization group mainly highlight the merits of westernization. Although the reform group had some complaint, meanwhile affirm Li Hong-zhang a positive hero. Revolutionary group negated Li Hong-zhang entirely, considering him as "a traitor". The Republican China adherents’scholars hold the judgment of tradition history on Li Hongzhang, taking him as a "loyal courtier". Modernization Group insisted on the view that Westernization Movement headed by Li Hong-zhang promoted the development of modern era of China. It is the first signs of modern era of China. In the opposite, Marxism Scholar consider Li Hong-zhang as a "extremely evil reactionaries", "King of Counterrevolutionary", "fluncky of Manchuria", "eternal surrender". Marxism Scholar dominated the history forum after 1949, considering Li Hongzhang as a "treacherous courtier". Not until 1980s, the image of LI Hong-zhang was rebuilt as a first person who guides China to Modernization.The image of Li Hong-zhang has a tremendous change from Qing Dynasty, Republic China to New China. The writer believes that three key elements influence the image of Li Hong-zhang and have detailed analysis one by one: Political element, valuation variation and history theory with methodology variation. At the end of essay, we discuss about the problem of rebuilding image of Li Hong-zhang. By reconsidering those problems, we have a new cognition on historical figures and prospect towards future judgment to those historic figures.