薛福成的政治理念—以代议政治的萌芽为探讨

【外文题名】Xue Fu-cheng’s Political Ideas—the Probe into the Initial Stage of Representative Politics

【作者】 廖佩君

【关键词】 薛福成 代议政治 曾国藩 李鸿章 幕府 西学中源 民本思想 乡举里选 外交使节

【外文关键词】 Xue Fu Cheng Representative Politics Zeng Guo fan Li Hong zhang Mu liao The Theory of Western Learning Being of Chinese Origin People oriented Thought local recommendation and examination Diplomat

【导师姓名】苏梅芳

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】暂无

【学位授予单位】成功大学

【分类号】D092,D8,D7,B259.9,B017

【录入时间】2014-10-28

【全文挂接】

【摘要】，同時在歷經各種事件處理的磨練下，加強了處事的能力與為官之道的培養，成就薛福成在日後不管是出任地方官或出使外國皆有稱職的表現。佐幕的歷練讓薛福成有了更開闊與先進的改革思維，進而在出使四國之際，將其對西方國家的觀察見解表現在文章中，試圖為中國找尋一條合理可行的富強之道。薛福成認為國家富強的要素，來自於設置一個能夠通達民意的議會機構。因此，他藉由西學中源與民本思想這些中國傳統的思想，結合西方學術文化的論述，來說明中國施行代議政治的可行性。他強調代議政治的功能可以通上下之情、輔助中國君主政治的施政。在設置議會的主張上，他試圖利用中國傳統政治中鄉舉里選的方式，來選舉出符合民意的代議成員。此外，他認為主政者必須追求經濟的發展與推展教育政策，使得人民得以在經濟無虞、素質提升的情況下，達到代議政治目的。

【外文摘要】Xue Fu-cheng’s ideal of Representative Politics arises from his life experience. Born into a scholarly family and having laid the groundwork for a good command of Confucianism, Xue tends to refer to what he has learned when observing and perceiving the cultural systems of the western countries afterwards, thereby coming up with the viewpoint of trying to fuse the Chinese and Western ideas together. In the period of the Mu-liao（幕僚） of Zeng Guo-fan and Li Hong-zhang, Xue is deeply influenced by these two governor-generals , which broadens his knowledge and enriches his experience. In the meanwhile, the toil of processing all sorts of business enhances his capability to handle works and develops his skill at being a government official, which makes Xue competent for whether local government positions or envoys abroad later in his life. The experience of assisting these two governors stimulates Xue to have more broad-minded and advanced ideas of reformation. Consequently, when he is serving as an envoy to four foreign countries, he expresses his observation and perception on western countries in his articles, managing to find a road which is reasonable and applicable for China to be prosperous and wealthy. Xue argues that the factor contributing to a country’s prosperity and wealth comes from the establishment of a council organization which conveys people’s opinions. Therefore, he manifests the feasibility of Representative Politics by combining the Chinese Traditional ideas—The Theory of Western Learning Being of Chinese Origin and People-oriented Thought, and the Western academic cultural discourse. He emphasizes that the function of Representative Politics can facilitate the communication between the upper and lower classes, assisting a ruler in governing a country in China. From his view on the setting of Parliament, he tries to make use of the traditional Chinese political election through local recommendation and examination to elect the representatives answering to the public opinion. Furthermore, he argues that the ruler has to pursue economic development and promote educational policy, making people achieve the goal of Representative Politics under the circumstances where people, with an elevated quality, don’t have to worry about the economy .