赫德与《局外旁观论》

【外文题名】Robert Hart and His Bystander's View

【作者】 刘秀峰

【关键词】 赫德 《局外旁观论》 洋务运动

【外文关键词】 Robert Hart Bystander's view reform ideas

【导师姓名】叶凤美

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2006

【学位授予单位】人民大学

【分类号】K1

【录入时间】2006-01-01

【全文挂接】

【摘要】及西方文化的背景，却有着他独特的想法。 总的来说，他关于清政府内情方面的建议，是就英国蓝本来讨论中国的老问题，其中蕴涵了他增强清政府中央权力、提高清政府行政效率的愿望；外情方面，他对清政府履行不平等条约的敦促，并非出于他对清政府履行状况的不满，而是基于列强的抱怨，对清政府作出的善意的劝告。同时，西方文化的背景也使他始终认为条约就是条约，不管属性如何，都应遵守。而他建议的“轮车、机电以及会制机器”等事，则是在推行他所坚持的“进步”事业。当然，赫德所提建议中有为英国利益所做的考虑。 从主观上讲，赫德是真诚希望清政府进步的，他坚信，他的“进步”事业能在大清帝国内产生像西方一样的繁荣。但他同时坚持英国的在华利益不受损害。这种本是悖论的想法，在赫德看来，却在他所乐道的“进步”事业有着一致性。因此，这篇文字虽然对洋务运动的兴起起了一定的促进作用，但由于这种悖论的存在，赫德无法看到他的“进步”事业带来的美好局面。 从整体上说，《局外旁观论》基本上奠定了赫德在华几十年中变革的主基调。此后赫德所提的变革建议，不是《局外旁观论》中所提各条建议的重复，就是深化或系统化，而所坚持的基本点，依旧和《局外旁观论》中基本相同。

【外文摘要】Bystander's view is an important article which presents Robert Hart's views of china’s politics. It is the result of Hart’s thinking about China’s reform continually in the early years when he was in China ,expecially when he became the General Inspector .According to the situations which Ting government faced, Hart put up his suggustions in this article. Because of his special identity—“one servent with tuo host”, and westen culture background ,these suggestions connoted his unique thoughts ,though these suggustions seemd old and have the taste of aggression. In general, his suggustions about Ting’s inner situation was discussing the old questions of China with the English copyright , therefore these suggustions containd his thoughts of strengthening Ting government’s power and improving it’s working efficiency ;and in the outside questions ,It was not his dissatisfaction when he asked Ting government to comply the not-equal treaty,but because of the western countrys’ complaining. At the same time ,he really thought that the treaty is treaty ,we must comply whenever it’s attribute is .When it take to his suggestion about making machine and so on,he was suggusting his progressive things.Sure,these suggestions contained Hart’s thinking for his motherland. Hart really wanted to improve Ting’s situation in his mind ,but he insisted in keeping his motherland’s interest at the same time . In Hart’s eyes ,this paradoxical thoughts had coherence in his reform plan .Therefore, although improved the Yangwu movement to some extent, Robert Hart still couldn’t see the fruit that he wanted because of the existence of paradox. In general,the thoughts in this artical basically affirmed the main tone of reform during the years Hart spent in china.His later suggestions either repeated his ideas of Bystander’s view, or deepen it .But the basical idea still resembled to this article.