伊藤博文与明治时期宪政发展研究

【外文题名】A study of Itō Hirobumi and Meiji Constitution

【作者】 李洋

【关键词】 明治维新 伊藤博文 帝国宪法 立宪政体

【外文关键词】 he Meiji restoration Itō Hirobumi Meiji Constitution constitutional systerm

【导师姓名】王新生

【学位名称】博士

【学位年度】2011

【学位授予单位】北京大学

【分类号】D931.31,D831.39

【录入时间】2011-01-01

【全文挂接】

【摘要】僚、特别是伊藤博文作出实现立宪的选择；第二章论述伊藤博文赴欧洲展开宪法调查、起草宪法以及确立宪法体制的过程；第三章主要分析议会、特别是早期议会中民党势力与“藩阀”政府之间的政治博弈如何促进宪政体制的发展，伊藤博文如何纵横捭阖于各种政治力量之间推进宪政体制的调整；第四章分析伊藤博文内阁策动对外战争，并利用战争促进宪政体制发展和近代国民国家的形成；第五章分析20世纪初以伊藤博文为代表的“藩阀”开明派如何创建政党以推动新时期宪政体制的发展。在结论部分，本文认为伊藤博文对近代日本宪政体制发展发挥了不可取代的作用、对外战争对宪政建设和国民国家形成起到实质性的推动作用、后发型现代化国家在宪政建设过程中表现出相对同时期西方国家的独特性、宪法是多元利益相互妥协的产物并在实施中形成一种妥协机制等。在其基础上，本文对明治时期在国家政权主导下追赶西方、同时将国民纳入政治体制内的过程进行的实证性动态分析为客观理解近代日本政治发展提供了一个较为新颖的视角，同时对日本早期宪政体制发展过程展开的分析也为后发型现代化国家的宪政体制建设提供了值得借鉴的经验。

【外文摘要】This thesis is focusing on the famous modern politician of Japan Itō Niobium’s political activities and branching into two directions, which include one going for the developing process of constitutional system in different historic periods and the other going for an analysis on the different influences by Mr. Itō Hirobumi in different historic period of time, with the possibilities of the research developing following the two directions and going across with each other at certain points, to demonstrate every step of interactive process of constitutional and political system, for instance, gestation, design, legislation, implementation, and adjustment, during the Meiji period of time. In detail，Chapter one，an analysis of the cause of setting up constitutional and political system during the Meiji period of time, as a result, those treaties of imparity constituted pressure from outside, and domestic movement of freedom and democratic rights for civilians constituted pressure from inside, all of the pressure mentioned above impelled the bureaucrats of Meiji government especially Mr. Itō Hirobumi to make choices on legislation of constitution; Chapter two, telling a story about the process of doing research on constitution, drafting the constitution and establishing the constitutional system during Mr. Itō’s visit to Europe; Chapter three, an analysis of the congress, especially how the democratic groups and the bakuhan taisei government playing games to impel development of the political and constitutional system in earlier congress, and how Itō Niobium manipulated among all sorts of political groups to improve adjustment of constitutional and political system; Chapter Four, an analysis of how the Itō cabinet instigated foreign wars, and utilized the wars to improve development of congressional and political system and to make the modern civilian state come into being; Chapter five, an analysis of how the bakuhan taisei enlightened groups represented by Mr. Itō set up political party to impel development of political and congressional system in the new era of earlier years of 20 century. In the part of conclusion, this thesis considers Itō Hirobumi played an indispensably dominant role in development of modern Japan’s congressional and political system; foreign wars had an substantial incentive influence on congressional and political construction and the formation of civilian state; late developing countries showed unique charact...