历史比较教学法在综合探究课中的运用：以明治维新为例

【作者】 徐小燕

【关键词】 中学历史 综合探究课 比较教学法 合作学习

【外文关键词】 comprehensive investigation comparative teaching method in history cooperative learning

【导师姓名】吴小晴

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2011

【学位授予单位】南京师范大学

【分类号】G633.54,G632.41

【录入时间】2011-01-01

【全文挂接】

【摘要】。与旧教材编排相比,这是新课程的一个重大变化。 日本明治维新,俄国1861年农奴制改革,中国洋务运动、戊戌变法同属于西方工业文明冲击下的改革,但改革的结果却有成有败。为什么地域相同,国情相似,但结果却有所不同?这就是值得探究的地方。 有关三国改革的历史知识浩如烟海,纷繁复杂,如何让学生有效地从烦杂的历史知识中找出相似知识的本质规律。我们在教学中适宜采用的方法就是历史比较教学法。在明治维新综合探究课中,如果恰当地运用比较教学法,可以帮助我们更加准确掌握历史事件、历史现象的特点、本质、规律及其影响。如何来实现这一教学目标呢?在本文中,笔者通过选择短小有趣的故事创设情境、通过设问激起学生探究的悬念、精心选择相关的史料来引导学生进行自主探究、合作学习。在探究课中,老师还要注意克服课堂上热热闹闹、但教学效果平平淡淡的缺陷,主导好探究课的评价,以期教学收到更好的效果。

【外文摘要】The new course reform with emphasis on fostering the students’ frontier spirit and fulfillment ability is based on the modern education idea of setting up character differences, pursuing personality and encouraging innovation. It actively guides students to participate actively, take pleasure in investigation and be good at fulfillment. Basically, the new course shows the modern teaching principle of students’ development. The comprehensive investigation lesson of history is exactly the concentration embodiment of new course principle. It is followed by each unit to summarize this knowledge of this unit and sublimate it. Compared with old teaching material, this is the important change of the new course.Japanese Meiji Restoration, Russian serf system reform in 1861, Chinese ocean work exercise, Hundred Days Reform in China all belonged to the reform affected by the western industrial civilization.But the results of reforms contained success or failure. Why did the results vary with the same regions and similar national situations? It is worth investigation.The history knowledge that was relevant to reforms in these three countries is like sea of fog, numerous and complicated. How to make the students find out the essential regulation of alike knowledge from the complicated history knowledge? The adopted method in teaching is comparative teaching. In the lesson of investigating lesson in Meiji Restoration in Japan, if we use the method of the comparative teaching method, it can help us get more accurate information about historical events and control characteristics, essence, regular pattern and its influence of history phenomenon. How to come to carry out this teaching target? In this text, the writer arouses the students to read with short and interesting stories establishing scenes and questions to arouse the students’ interest to investigate. Related historical information has been selected to guide students to carry on investigation and cooperate with each other. In the investigation lesson, the teacher still needs to pay attention to overcoming the drawback of poor teaching effect though the classroom is bustling. Guide the evaluation of the investigation lesson carefully to receive better effect of teaching.