中国近代科学体制化研究：以科学社团的历史演变为视角

【外文题名】Research on Scientific Institutionalization in Modern China

【作者】 张新峰

【关键词】 洋务运动 科学体制化 科学社团 中国科学社 中央研究院

【外文关键词】 Westernization Movement scientific institutionalization scientific association Science Society of China Academia Sinica

【导师姓名】张怀明

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2011

【学位授予单位】南京航空航天大学

【分类号】G322.9

【录入时间】2011-01-01

【全文挂接】

【摘要】高潮逐步壮大,建立了大量的科学社团,并从事科学研究和学术的交流,推动了中国近代科学的发展。作为中国近代第一个综合性科学社团——中国科学社,在科学体制化方面做了许多有益的探索,在普及科学知识、推进学术交流、进行科学研究,引进奖励机制方面都作出了贡献。但由于民间社团的局限,中国科学社在科学体制建设方面还不够完善,体制化程度比较低。1928年,中央研究院成立。中央研究院进一步推动了中国近代科学的发展,完善了中国科学体制,中国近代科学体制化就此完成。萌发于清末的科学社团,经过民国初年的发展壮大,不断推动着中国近代科学体制化进程。从松散的、民间科学社团到综合的官办科学机构的转变过程中,中国科学社等科学社团发挥了重要的作用。

【外文摘要】Scientific institutionalization is an important factor to influence science and economy of a nation. The initial stage of scientific institutionalization appeared in the time of Westernization Movement in China. With the development of Westernization Movement, a lot of western science and technology was introduced into China. And the new intellectuals who accepted and held the knowledge of the modern western culture was increasing vigorously. With the development of new intellecturals, the intellectural group of science and technology appeared. Modern intellecturals of science and technology gradually increased in Westernization Movement. Between the sino-japanese war and the early Republic of China, the quantity and scale of scientific associations enlarged along with the promotion of the education reform and the modern China overseas education. Modern intellecturals of science and technology organized various types of scientific associations engaged in science research and science communication. These scientific associations promoted the development of science in modern China. As the first comprehensive scientific association of China, Science Society of China had done a lot of useful exploration in scientific institutionalization, also had made many contributions in the popularization of scientific knowledge, the promotion of science communication, the promotion of science research and the introduction of reward mechanism. Science Society of China was a non-governmental organization, so the scientific institutionalization was not perfect and the level was low. In 1928, Academia Sinica was set up. Academia Sinica has promoted the development of science and perfected the scientific institutionalization in modern China. The scientific associations germinated during the end of Qing Dynasty, gradually developed during the early of Republic of China, and promoted the development of scientific institutionalization in modern China. In the process of transformation from loose, non-governmental associations to comprehensive high-standard government scientific institutions, Science Society of China and other scientific associations had played an important role.