论郑观应“商战”伦理思想

【外文题名】Concerning Zheng "War" Ethics Thought

【作者】 陈晓敏

【关键词】 郑观应 洋务运动 商战 伦理思想

【外文关键词】 Zheng Guanying Westernization Movement Commercial War Ethics

【导师姓名】岳跃

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2011

【学位授予单位】西南大学

【分类号】K256,B82,092

【录入时间】2011-01-01

【全文挂接】

【摘要】,离不开中国传统义利观和重商主义的影响,以及洋务运动所处的历史境遇下一系列救国图强的实践活动。郑观应之所以选择用“商战”来概括其所从事的洋务运动实务,其思想中非常清楚地表现了中国特色的义利观的影响。也就是说,“商战”思想的理论基础就是中国传统的义利观。同时,内忧外患之下,西方重商主义思维下的强大军事和经济实力是国人羡慕的对象,重视西方的重商主义学习其对社会财富的积累和对国力强盛的建设,同样具有重要意义。郑观应认为,农业已经不能带领中华帝国走向未来了,必须以商立国,以商富国,以商强国,要喻兵于商,才能内安天下、外拒豪强以自强。这构成了他“商战”伦理思想的核心内容。同时,他还认为,在商业实践中,必须以培养、建设现代企业为手段,控制关税并保护民族资本主义企业发展,裁厘振商以提高商人积极性和安全感,促进商业繁荣以自强。郑观应商战思想背靠着两个重要的历史文化维度,一个是传统的兵战思想,一个是中国传统的经世致用的实用主义观。郑观应希望通过振兴商业以自强,实现富国强兵,国家复兴,同时,他也深刻认识到中国在经济战中落后挨打,资源流逝,民生凋敝才是军事失败后更加严重的现实危机,长此以往,国将不国,复国无望。因此,他提出商战,希望寄希望于苟延残喘的清政府,能在制度和政策上为民族资本主义争取点空间,看能否在商战中逐步壮大力量,实现全面复国。虽然结局并未改变中国落后挨打的面貌,但郑观应商战思想却是那个时代最闪光的经济伦理理念,是黯淡的清政府治下的一道强光,它有着自己鲜明的特点。郑观应提出其系统的商战思想,不仅仅是他为了发展资本主义经济以救国图强的抱负的体现,从更深层次上看,他的思想具有的丰富的经济伦理内涵已经超越了那个时代的认知水平和实践能力。现在我们来反思其商战思想及其特点,从而在继承和发扬的层面上对其作客观的评价,对于我们当前的经济发展具有极其重要的意义。客观地看,郑观应的商战伦理思想在当时无疑是最先进的经济伦理思想,也是最具有可行性的经济理念。虽然结果因时代的复杂性而未能实现其愿望,可是并非毫无成果。从积极方面看,起码在促进近代中国经济的发展和近代商业繁荣上,他的商战伦理思想为之奠定了基础,同时,中国近代商业工业化开端及其发展,与其商战思想也有着重要联系。而就认识上的局限性而言,不外乎是未能真正认识到封建专制的本质,因此在思想的终极价值追求中是为了保皇而非真心发展资本主义以走向自由之路。

【外文摘要】As the most important representative of the Westernization Movement, Zheng Guanying,idea of who is Commercial War has a very special background. The main business activities of his life are the concrete practice of the Westernization Movement, which is both his historical identity, but also his stage.Meanwhile,in a sense,the Westernization Movement constitute his "Commercial War" produced by propellant. The Westernization Movement’s historical environment is "Commercial War " produced by the soil.His formation of ethics about "Trade War " is inseparable from the relevant traditional Chinese values and the impact of mercantilism, and the historical circumstances in which the Westernization Movement salvation and strengthen the country under a series of practical activities. Zheng Guanying chose to use the " Commercial War "to summarize their practice in the Westernization Movement, the thought very clearly displayed the Chinese characteristics of everlasting impact.In other words, "Commercial War " is the theoretical basis of the traditional Chinese concept of justice and benefit.Meanwhile, the internal and external, under the West under the mercantilist thinking, strong military and economic strength is the envy of people attach importance to the West to learn its mercantilist accumulation of social wealth and the construction of national prosperity, equally important.Zheng Guanying think that agriculture has not led the Chinese empire into the future, and must be founding business to business rich countries, to commercial power, to the security world, good and strong to resist outside the self.This constitutes his "Trade War "the core of ethics.Meanwhile, in commercial practice,he also believed that, we must cultivate and build a modern enterprise as a means to control tariffs and to protect the national capitalist enterprise development, abrogation of vibration to provide the merchant business initiative and sense of security, and promote business prosperity to self-reliance. His commercial war thinking back two important historical and cultural dimensions, one is thinking of the traditional military warfare, one is the traditional Chinese view of the pragmatism of statecraft.Zheng Guanying hopes to revitalize the business to self-improvement, to achieve Fuguoqiangbing, national revival, he also deeply understand that China lagged behind in the economic war being beaten, resources goes destitution is more severe after the failure of the military reality of the crisis, the long run, The country will not country, no hope of recovery. Therefore, he proposed commercial war, want to linger in the Qing government hopes can be in the systems and policies for the nation to fight the capitalist point of space, to see whether the gradual growth in the battle to force countries to achieve full recovery. Although the outcome did not change the face of China’s backward beating, but his commercial war era thinking is the most glittering economic ethics concept is bleak under the rule of the Qing government a strong light, it has its own distinct characteristics.Zheng Guanying make its system of commercial war thinking, not just his development of the capitalist economy in order to save the nation and strengthen the country’s vision of the manifestation of a much higher level perspective, the richness of his thought has meaning beyond the economic ethics of that era Level of knowledge and practical ability. Now,we come to reflect on their thoughts and characteristics of commercial warfare, thereby inherit and carry forward its level for the objective assessment of our current economic development is extremely importantObjectively, his war ethics in business was undoubtedly the most advanced economic ethics is the most feasible economic philosophy.Although the results for the complexity of the times failed to achieve its aspirations, but not without results. On the positive side, at least in the promotion of modern China’s economic development and prosperity of modern business, his business ethics war laid the foundation for whom the same time, the beginning of modern Chinese business and industrial development, rather than thinking of war also has an important business contact. And for the understanding of the limitations in terms of no more than a failure to truly recognize the nature of feudalism, so in pursuit of the ultimate value of thinking in order to pro-government and not really developing capitalism for the road to freedom.