日本德川时代西方科技传播研究

【外文题名】The Research on the Transmisson of Western Science and Technology in Tokugawa Era in Japan

【作者】 王秋菊

【关键词】 德川时代 西方科技 科技传播 明治维新

【外文关键词】 Tokugawa Era Western science and technology Transmission of science and technolgy Meiji Ishin

【导师姓名】陈凡

【学位名称】博士

【学位年度】2009

【学位授予单位】东北大学

【分类号】G323.13,K313

【录入时间】2009-01-01

【全文挂接】

【摘要】的传播实态,总结出德川时代西方科技传播的特征,阐述了德川时代西方科技传播对日本近代科技发展与社会变革产生的决定性影响。本文首先从传播与科技传播的内涵着手,明确科技传播的定义,指出科技传播是个科技信息在特定文化时空中传递、且受其规约的过程,并总结出科技传播的功能与特征,为研究德川时代西方科技传播奠定了理论基础。其次,在回顾前德川时代日本科技发展与演化历程的基础上,剖析影响日本传统科技发展的文化特性——移植性与功利性,并指出这种文化特性与西方科技得以在德川时代深入传播的内在关联。由于特定的社会环境对科技传播的广度和深度有着重要的影响,本文对西方科技传播的历史前提做了简要分析,并在此基础上阐述了西方科技在日本传播的三个历史阶段——南蛮学、兰学和洋学。再次,围绕科技传播的主体、内容、方式以及效果等四个方面,着重分析了德川时代西方科技传播的特征。从主体来看,涉及西方传教士、海外商人、医生、各级武士以及官方机构、民间组织等,具有多元性的特点；从内容来看,涵盖从欧洲中世纪到近代的自然科学及技术,并且学科范围不断扩展,因而具有丰富性和拓展性的特点；从途径来看,包括宗教活动、商务活动、翻译著书、举办教育等,体现了多样性的特点；从效果来看,前一阶段的传播为下一阶段的传播作了铺垫,而且科技自身的深刻变化又对社会变革造成强烈影响,因而西方科技在日本德川时代的传播效果具有系统生成性和效果累进性的特点。最后,分析了德川时代西方科技传播对日本明治维新时期科技发展及社会变革的具体影响,并阐述了对我国今后科技发展及社会改革的启示意义。

【外文摘要】The transmission of science and technology (S&T) refers to the process and behavior of communication and sharing, which is the basic link or conditions to realize "Science and technology constitute a primary productive forces" and "The strategy of invigorating the country through science and education"Western S&T was brought into Japan by Christian missioners in the middle of the sixteenth century, and the transmission lasted for more than two hundred years before the Meiji Ishin. Related concepts and theories of the transmission are utilized to study the transmission of western S&T in Tokugawa Era in Japan from the perspective of science, technology and society (STS). On the basis of the study, the features are generalized and the decisive influence of the transmission is stated in terms of the development of modern S&T and social transformations in Japan.Firstly, a clear definition of transmission of S&T starts with the transmission and its connotations. Transmission of S&T is a process for scientific messages transmitted in a particular cultural time and space, which is restricted by the above factors. Functions and features of the transmission are summarized, which makes a sound theoretical background for the latter research on the transmission of western S&T in Tokugawa Era.Secondly, transplantation and utility—the cultural characteristics unique to the development of Japanese traditional S&T are drawn basing on the analysis of the development and evolution of Japanese S&T in the pro-Tokugawa times. The interconnection of this cultural uniqueness and profound spread of western S&T in Tokugawa Era is pointed out. Since social conditions play an important role in the width and depth of the transmission, a brief analysis of the history of the transmission of western S&T and the western S&T is stated from Nanbangaku Langaku, and to Yogaku period.Thirdly, centering on subject, content, means and effect, the features of western S&T in western S&T are the focus. By studying the subject, multiplicity is drawn involving western missioners, overseas merchants, doctors, different samurai, governmental and non-governmental organizations. As to the content, richness and expansiveness can be seen from natural sciences and technology with ever-increasing disciplines in the medieval and modern Europe. Regarding its means, it has the feature of diversity which is self-evident from religious activities, trading activities, translated books and education-starting. And its effects betray features of systematic generation and progression as the former generation always acts as the basis for the latter and the far-reaching change of S&T interacts with social transformations.Lastly, inspirations for the development of S&T and social transformation of China in the future can be obtained by analyzing the influence of western S&T on Japan in the Meiji Ishin period.