清末民初留学运动及其政策的演变和影响

【外文题名】The studying abroad movement of the end of Qing Dynasty to the beginning of Republic of China and its transformation and influence

【作者】 郭新耀

【关键词】 清末民初 留学运动 学生政策 演变 留学教育 中国 近代 资本主义国家 赴法勤工俭学运动 洋务派 留美 多元化 留学生工作 阶级和阶层 知识分子 洋务运动 鸦片战争 思想文化 深刻影响 清末新政

【外文关键词】 End of the Qing to the beginning of Republic of China Abroad study education Foreign student policy

【导师姓名】彭平一

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2008

【学位授予单位】中南大学

【分类号】G52,K25

【录入时间】2008-01-01

【全文挂接】

【摘要】费留学教育，四年之内120名幼童离开故国，远涉大洋，到美国留学，开创了近代留学教育的开端。与此同时，洋务运动中一些洋务派官僚如李鸿章、沈葆桢也派出了以福州船政局学生和艺徒为主的留欧学生。在派遣留美学童和留欧学生的过程中，开始形成了近代中国最早的留学生政策。随着甲午战败而兴起的留日热潮是中国近代规模最大的留学运动，成千上万不同阶级和阶层、不同年龄、不同学历的学子，在19世纪末20世纪初的十余年时间里在日本留学，对清末新政和辛亥革命都产生了重大影响。面对这一热潮，清政府进一步调整了留学政策，不仅深刻影响了留日教育，也为民国初年留学教育的多元化创造了条件。清末“庚款”留美计划的实施、北洋政府对留学教育的重视以及后来的赴法勤工俭学运动，都构成了20世纪初年中国留学教育多元化的具体内容。总之，不同的历史时期有着不同的留学形式、留学去向和留学政策，并产生了不同的影响。本文试图通过对清末民初时期留学生政策的演变的研究，为完善我国目前的留学生工作提供有益的借鉴和启迪。

【外文摘要】After the Opium War, the West capitalism thought and culture enter China, then Chinese advanced intellectual starts to go out to foreign country, accepts the capitalism education from Western and East's capitalist countries. The modern China's study abroad education starts to produce. The Chinese modern study abroad education begins in Rong Hong to America, his return had directly caused the large-scale abroad study education formation. Under the bureaucrat's support and his direct promotion, the study abroad education at government expenses started from 1872 , and 120 young children left the native country within four years, forded the ocean far, studies abroad to US, founded the modern abroad study education beginning. At the same time, in the westernization movement some western thought officers, such as Li Hongzhang, Shen Baozhen also send out students to European countries coming from Fuzhou ship bureau’s students and skilled person. In the process to send students study in America and Europe, Chinese government starts to form the modern China’s earliest foreign student policy. After the defeat by Japan in Jawu war, China formed the biggest scale study abroad movement to Japan. The tens of thousands of students from different social classes and the social stratum, from the disparity in age, and from the different school record scholar in 19 century's ends to the beginning of the 20th century, the study abroad in Japan had caused the significant influence to form the new policy in the end period of Qing Dynasty and to produce the Xinhai Revolution. Facing this upsurge, the Qing government had further adjusted the abroad study policy. Such policy had not only affected the studying in Japan education profoundly, but also promoted multi style education system formation in the beginning of Republic of China times. The execution of study aboard to America by refunding money of Gengzi war, and high attention by Beiyang government on study abroad education in the following years, and the movement to study and work in France had formed the mixed study abroad policies and contents in the beginning of 20th century. In brief, the different historical period has the different abroad study form, the abroad study whereabouts and the abroad study policy. It has produced the different influence. This article studied the development and changes of study abroad policy in the period from the end of Qing and the beginning of the Republic of China. It tries to provide some meanings methods and models to the present study abroad policies.