刘锡鸿研究

【作者】 张宇权

【关键词】 刘锡鸿 郭嵩焘 儒家思想 洋务运动 《英轺日记》

【外文关键词】 Liu Hsi hung Guo Sung tao Confucian The Western affairs movement Ying yao jih chi

【导师姓名】林家有

【学位名称】博士

【学位年度】2001

【学位授予单位】中山大学

【分类号】D829,B222,K252

【录入时间】2001-01-01

【全文挂接】

【摘要】从儒家思想中寻找救时匡正的武器，提出各种传统的治国主张，本能地与一切离经叛道行为进行着斗争；出使后，他的思想发生了一定变化，认识到西方文明的优越性，形成了先进与保守的思想混合体；回国后，由于刘锡鸿思想的保守本质，对中国官民现状的悲观主义认识，以及政治上的斗争，促使其成为国内反对修建铁路的先锋。刘锡鸿思想和行为上的守旧都是为了维护清王朝的统治，但他没有意识到这种守旧非但不能实现其“卫道”目标（维护清王朝的统治），反而会加速清王朝统治的崩溃；非但不能达到其富国强兵的目的，反而会阻碍中国近代化的进程。然而，刘锡鸿思想也有警示和启迪意义，如对儒家仁义道德的态度、对养民的重视、对振兴吏治的提倡等等，都值得今人总结和思考，本文亦对此作了较为详细的论述。

【外文摘要】　 Liu Hsi-hung was famous for his opposing attitude against the Western affairs Movement. He was also Qing Dynastys first deputy minister sent to the Great Britain and the minister sent to Germany. On the background of the Sino-western cultural clash during the modernization in China, this thesis discusses Liu Hsi-hungs life story, including his experience before he took his position abroad, which was scarcely mentioned by other scholars. The author puts emphasis on Lius thought in three periods: the time when he was in China, abroad and back to China. Lius thought was complicated. Before his accession, he tried to seek a way to change the declining social situations at that time with the Confucian doctrines. Thus he brought forth a variety of traditional propositions to manage state affairs and struggled instinctively with any behavior that was against orthodoxy. Since he worked abroad as a diplomatic official, his thought changed a lot. He realized the superiority of the western culture and infused both advanced and conservative concepts into his minds. When he returned to China, because of his conservative character, pessimistic realization over the status of Chinese government and the people, and the political conflicts that he was involved in, he became a vanguard of those who was opposed to the plan to build railways in China. Lius conservative thought and behaviors served the dictatorship of the Qing Dynasty. But he didnt realized that his conservative thought never helped the Qings ruling (defending conventional moral principals). On the contrary, it accelerated the collapse of the Qing Dynasty. It didnt enrich the country or strengthen the national deference, but hindered China from the modernization. However, we may find something cautious and enlightening in a few aspects of Lius thought. For example, he emphasized on the Confusion virtue and morality, the civil affairs, and the necessity to diminish the bureaucratic air. This thesis puts these into details.