洋务运动时期新式教育的萌芽与初步发展

【外文题名】The Seeds and Preliminary Development of Modern Education in the Period of Westernization Movement

【作者】 张国柱

【作者联系方式】

【关键词】 洋务运动 新式教育 近代化

【外文关键词】 Westernization Movementmodern educationmodernization

【UDC】

【导师姓名】张凤翔

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2004

【学位授予单位】内蒙古大学

【分类号】K256,G529

【录入时间】2004-01-01

【全文挂接】

【摘要】术学校和培养自己军事人才的天津水师学堂等系列军事学校。这些学校在创建方式、课程设置、师资配备等方面都与以往传统教育有本质区别，从而揭开了中国新式教育的序幕。书院改革和海外留学是近代中国教育的另一种新模式，为古老的传统教育注入了新的血液。另外，由于此时的条约体系初步形成，外国传教士在华活动规模进一步扩大，他们创办了一系列教会学校，为中国近代教育在某种意义上提供了借鉴。随着西学在中国的传播，介绍自然科学和社会科学的书籍日益增多，在同文馆和福州船政局中都出现了专门或附设的译书机构，以及传教士办的译书机构。大量自然科学、社会科学书籍的出版以及教科书的编印，为新式教育和西学的发展提供了载体和传媒。新式学堂、留学教育、新式书院、教会学校和翻译出版西书，几者有机结合，形成了洋务运动时期的新式教育，是中国教育近代化的初始阶段。

【外文摘要】Westernization Movement is the process in which some Chinese with advanced knowledge explore how to modernize China. With the increasing frequency of communication with foreign countries, learning foreign languages was put in the work schedule of the government of Qing Dynasty, consequently, the Westernization Faction promptly founded a series of schools of foreign languages like Tongwen School. During the process of suppressing peasants' revolts and dealing with foreign affairs, the faction got aware of the advanced science and technology represented by the solidly-built ships and powerful cannons. Especially with the urgent needs of talents in the construction of coast defense, a series of technical schools such as Fuzhou Shipping Administration Academy and a series of military schools such as Tianjin Navy Academy which cultivated their own military talents. All these schools were essentially different from the traditional education in foundation patterns, curriculum, teachers and some other aspects. From then on, the modern education in China began. Another new pattern of modern education in China was academy reforms and overseas study, which added new life to the traditional education with a long history. Besides, since the system of treaties had been initially set up, foreign religions were spread more widely in China and a lot of missionary schools were founded by foreign priests, which in a way the modern education of China drew lessons from. With the spread of Western learning in China, more and more books appeared on natural and social science, additionally, some special or attached organizations of translation appeared in Tongwen Academy and Fuzhou Shipping Administration Academy, and other translation organizations set up by foreign priests. The publishing of books on natural and social science and the editing of textbooks became the media of the spread of modern education and the development of western learning. On the whole, the modern education in the period of Westernization Movement developed on the condition of the effective combination of modern schools, overseas education, modern academies, missionary schools and the translation and publicity of Western books. It is the preliminary stage of the modernization of Chinese education.