洋务运动对中国近代科学技术的影响研究

【外文题名】The Research of the Impact of Westernization Movement on Chinese Modern Science and Technology

【作者】 汤菊平

【作者联系方式】

【关键词】 洋务运动 科学技术 科学思想 科学体制化 影响

【外文关键词】 Westernization Movement Science and Technology Scientific Ideology Scientific Systemization Impact

【UDC】

【导师姓名】陈敬全

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2006

【学位授予单位】东华大学

【分类号】K256.3,N092

【录入时间】2006-01-01

【全文挂接】

【摘要】。第一章介绍了洋务运动时期西方近代科学技术的引进情况。洋务派创办了军用、民用企业,引进了大量西方先进设备和技术。西方科技书籍大量翻译和出版,大量自然科学知识传到中国,对于中国科学技术的进步起到了巨大的促进作用。 第二章介绍了中国近代科技教育的兴起情况。简单回顾了科技教育兴起的背景,洋务运动创办了我国第一批新型学校,并派遣留学生到国外学习,“中体西用”是其指导纲领,论述了近代科技教育对中国传统教育的突破和发展。 第三章论述了科学家社会角色的孕育与产生。洋务运动时期孕育和产生了中国最早的科学家。介绍了洋务学堂里培养的人才,论述了留学生对中国近代科技进步作出的突出贡献。重点分析了近代科技专家的特点,他们具有了近代科学精神,这是他们和传统科学家不同的地方。

【外文摘要】This article focuses on the research of Chinese Westernization Movement and discusses the scientific and technological growth as well as its profound impact on Chinese society during Westernization Movement from the perspective of scientific sociology, applying the principles and systematic theories of scientific philosophy. It aims to illustrate the tremendous progress and difficulties on the road of Chinese modern technological development, and attempts to assess Westernization Movement in a more objective and impartial way.There are five chapters in this article. The first chapter introduces how the modern western technologies were imported into China during Westernization Movement. The Westernization School established military and civil enterprises, and introduced a large number of western advanced facilities and techniques into China. A huge sum of western technological books were translated and published in China, bringing about abundant natural science knowledge, thus significantly facilitating the technological development in China.The second chapter introduces the rise of education on modern science and technology in China. The first group of new-type schools appeared during Westernization Movement and students were dispatched to study abroad. Chinese-style westernization is the guideline of Westernization Movement and it reflects the impact of modern technological education on the breakthrough and development of Chinese traditional educationThe third chapter discusses the emergence of technological talents in China and their growths. It introduces some famous persons in the scientific field in China who were cultivated in new-type schools in Westernization Movement, and discusses the prominent contribution the students studying abroad have made to the modern technological advance in China. It also analyzes the characteristics of Chinese modern technological experts who are distinct from other traditional scientists by possessing the modern scientific spirit, being knowledgeable about the modern science and emphasizing the cultivation of technological talents.The fourth chapter researches the diffusion of the modern western scientific ideology. It discusses the enlightening effect of Westernization Movement on Chinese modern science. The introduction and diffusion of modern western scientific ideologies in China, such as Evolution Theory, Mechanics Theory and Evolvement of Celestial Bodies, have a great influence on knowledgeable people, shaping their philosophy of life and the world and enabling traditional science to develop into modern science in China. Furthermore, it draws the conclusion that it is a misapprehension that Westernization Movement is simply regarded as the instrumentalism phase of modernization in China.The final chapter describes the difficult course of Westernization Movement and systemization of scientific research in China. Chinese scientific systemization is based on Westernization Movement. The original academic institutions appeared during that time, bringing about scientific communication and establishment of scientific periodicals. However, It is impossible for Westernization Movement to evolve into scientific systemization in China due to lack of scientific awareness in the whole society and government investment and support.To sum up, this article draws the conclusion that the reason why Westernization Movement did not realize the dream of strengthening China is it failed to form Chinese scientific systemization, to make science become a subsystem of the society. All these reasons have been neglected by previous researchers.