天津近代工业遗产：北洋水师大沽船坞研究初探

【外文题名】The Preliminary Analysis on Modern Industrial Heritage in Tianjin

【作者】 曹苏

【关键词】 大沽船坞 李鸿章 海防 历史 现状

【外文关键词】 the Taku dock of Northern Navy Li Hongzhang coastal defense system history current status

【导师姓名】徐苏斌

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】2009

【学位授予单位】天津大学

【分类号】TU984.114

【录入时间】2009-01-01

【全文挂接】

【摘要】枪炮厂,是我国明清北方海防最重要的军事防御设施之一,在中国近代工业史上曾经发挥过重要作用。本文从北洋水师大沽船坞创设的历史背景和军事背景入手,探究其产生的特定历史环境。北洋水师大沽船坞创设的历史背景主要从两个方面展开:鸦片战争使国人开始开眼看世界,从南京条约签订一直到1895年同日本的战争爆发之前,清政府通过一系列的自强革新运动来发展本国经济和推动军事近代化进程;洋务派代表人物李鸿章在其秉政的25年里,致力于引进西方科学技术,揭开了中国近代化的序幕。北洋水师大沽船坞创设的军事背景主要分析了环渤海湾海防体系在明清海防体系中所具有的重要军事地位,而天津大沽海防体系又为环渤海湾海防体系中的重要节点,实属重中之重。紧接着介绍了大沽船坞的历史和现状,1880年李鸿章在天津机器厂原有船坞的基础上修建了大沽船坞,其后大沽船坞作为一所造船厂和枪炮厂成为中国北方重要的军事和工业基地。目前大沽船坞所保留的建筑遗存主要分为地上遗存和地下遗存两个部分,地上遗存主要为轮机车间和“甲”坞;地下遗存主要是海神庙遗址和其它船坞。通过对大沽船坞的历史概况和现状的分析研究,提出遗产保护和再利用的问题及其建议。文章的最后分析研究了大沽船坞的平面功能布局,并且与福建马尾船政局和上海江南造船厂的功能布局进行了对比研究。

【外文摘要】Industrial heritage protection is getting more and more attention in the contemporary world and the international community, also one of the most interesting hot spots in the field of China culture in recent years. Tianjin is a modern industrial city. As its industrial heritage began in an early time, its historical continuousity has been kept well, in the meanwhile categoried fine. Thus, it plays an important role in the modern history of China. The Taku Dock of Northern Naval is one of important representatives, the first shipyard and guns factory in North China and also one of the most important military defense facilities in Ming and Qing dynasties .It has played an important effect in the history of China’s modern industry.Starting from the military background and historical background of the creation oh The Taku Dock of Northern Naval, we want to explore the particular historical circumstances of its produce. There are two aspects of The historical background of the creation of the Northern Navy Tugu dock: first, after The Opium War, chinese began to open to the world, from the signing of the Treaty of Nanking until 1895, before the outbreak of the war with Japan, the Qing government develop their economies and promote the process of military modernization through a series of self-reform movement. Second, the representatives of Westernization Movement, Li hong-zhang, in his 25 years, is committed to the introduction of Western science and technology, opened a prelude to China’s modernization.The military background of The Taku Dock of Northern Naval’s creation The second part mainly analysis Bohai Bay coastal defense system possess important military status in the Ming and Qing coastal defense systems, Taku in Tianjin coastal defense system is also an important node in Bohai Bay coastal defense .It is real a top priority. Then the article describes the history and current status of the Northern Navy Taku dock. Li Hongzhang built the dock on the basis of the original dock in Tianjin Machinery Plant in 1880. As a shipyard and guns factory in northern China, it become an important military and industrial base. Now the architectural remains mainly divided into two parts: the underground remains and the ground remains .The ground remains is the turbines workshop and the "A" dock; the underground remains is the temple sites and other shipyards. Through the analysis of the historical background and current status of the Northern Navy Taku dock, put forward issues and recommendations of re-use and protection of the heritage. At last, the article analysis the function layout of the plane of the Northern Navy Taku dock, and compare with the functional layout of Fujian Mawei Council and Shanghai Jiangnan Shipyard.