北洋海军管理体制研究

【作者】 王绪渊

【关键词】 北洋海军 管理体制 军制改革 甲午海战

【外文关键词】 Beiyang Navy management system military system reform the Sino Japanese War in 1894

【导师姓名】康大寿

【学位名称】硕士

【学位年度】暂无

【学位授予单位】西华师范大学

【分类号】K256

【录入时间】2014-10-28

【全文挂接】

【摘要】中国军制的近代化产生了深远的影响。 笔者试图在前人研究的基础上，以马克思主义唯物史观为指导，将传统史学研究方法与军事学、管理学等学科的相关理论相结合，坚持史论结合，对北洋海军管理体制作系统研究。本文拟分四部分。 第一部分，纵向梳理北洋海军管理体制的创建历程。北洋海军管理体制的创建主要经历三个阶段：第一，19世纪80年代初期，薛福成提出《北洋海防水师章程》和丁汝昌订立《北洋水师号衣图说》拉开了北洋海军管理体制创建的序幕；第二，总理海军事务衙门成立和《北洋海军章程》颁布实施宣告北洋海军管理体制成形；第三，甲午战前，北洋海军进一步完善和补充了管理体制中的海军大阅制度和海军奖惩制度。 第二部分，归纳总结北洋海军管理体制的主要内容。北洋海军管理体制包括舰船管理、官兵管理、后勤管理、经费管理和指挥体制等。北洋海军管理体制在很多方面都已突破传统军制，开启了中国军制的近代化变革。 第三部分，分析北洋海军管理体制的特点，客观评价北洋海军管理体制的利弊。北洋海军管理体制是西方近代军事制度与中国传统旧制的结合，一些管理章程已具有近代军事法性质，内容也较为全面、系统。因此，北洋海军管理体制的特点就主要体现在“参用西法”、法制化、系统化三方面。北洋海军管理体制不仅为北洋海军的近代化提供可靠保障，还推动了清末军制改革，其历史作用不容低估。但北洋海军管理体制中存在最高领导权的二元化，管理层权责不一致和缺乏有效的协调机制等弊端，最终未能改变北洋海军覆灭的命运。 第四部分，分析北洋海军管理体制受到封建体制的严重束缚。北洋海军管理体制在推行过程中，深受封建经济体制、政治体制、思想观念的束缚。首先，以封建小农经济为基础的农业社会无法为北洋海军的发展及其管理体制的推行提供必要的财政支持。其次，封建集权政治下的腐败严重侵蚀和破坏北洋海军管理体制。最后，根深蒂固的传统观念也严重制约北洋海军管理体制。 时值今日，甲午海战的硝烟已散去一百多年，但北洋海军失败的耻辱时刻激励我们不应忘记历史的教训。在21世纪的新时期，我们更应以史为鉴，居安思危，认清来自海洋方向的潜在威胁，加快海军的现代化建设，为国家的社会主义建设提供一个和平稳定的环境。

【外文摘要】Beiyang Navy is the first modern navy in Chinese history. The modernization of Beiyang Navy not only display to equip with the advanced military equipment, more importantly, its military system has started to break tradition in the direction of modern development. Among them, the management system of Beiyang Navy absorpt the regulations of Western navy heavily and reform the traditional navy management system boldly, so its feature of modernization is obvious. Although the Beiyang Navy management system ultimately failed to help Beiyang Navy to win in the war, but it have a far-reaching impact on Chinese modernization of the military system. I tried to research Beiyang Navy management system comprehensively,using Marxist historical materialism as a guide, combining the traditional history research methods and military science, management science and other disciplines relevant theory and insisting on the combination of history and dicuss This paper includes four parts. The first part, combine the Beiyang Navy management system of the Beiyang Navy longitudinal.The Beiyang Navy management system created mainly experiences three stages.First, in early 1880’s,Xue Fu-cheng put forward to navy charter of the Beiyang Navy’s coastal defense and Ding Ru-chang conclude the uniform pictorial of the Beiyang Navy.They open created the prelude of the Beiyang Navy management system. second, the installment of Prime Minister and Naval Affairs Amun and the publishment of the Beiyang Navy statute declare the formation of the Beiyang Navy management system. Third, before the Sino-Japanese war, the Beiyang Navy further added to improve the system of the Navy reviewer and the Navy punishment in the management system The second part summarizes the main elements of the Beiyang Navy management system. The system includes ship management , the officers and men management, logistics management, financial management and command system. Many respects of this system have broken through the traditional military system and opened up a modern system of Chinese military revolution. The third part analyzes the characteristics of the Beiyang Navy management system and evaluate it objectively. The Beiyang Navy management system combines the modern Western military system and the traditional Chinese old system.Some management statute has been the nature of modern military law, and the content is more comprehensive. Therefore, the characteristics of the Beiyang Navy management system embody in three aspects ,including“reference to the dissemination of western Astronomy",“the rule of law”and“systematized”.The Modernization of the Beiyang Navy management system not only provides a reliable guarantee for the modernization of the Beiyang Navy, but also promoted the military system reform in the late Qing Dynasty, its historical role should not be underestimated. But the dual highest leadership in the Beiyang Navy management system,the inconsistencies of rights and responsibilities and the lack of an effective coordination mechanism, ultimately failed to change the fate of Beiyang Navy destruction. The fourth part analyzes the heavy shackles of feudal system on the Beiyang Navy management system .In the implementation process of the Beiyang Navy management system ,it is deeply tied up by the feudal economic system, political system, ideology. First, small-feudal agricultural society fail to provide the necessary financial support for the development of the Beiyang Navy and the implementation of the management system .Second, the centralized feudal politics corrodes and destructs the Beiyang Navy management system seriously. Finally, the deep-rooted traditional concepts constraints on the Beiyang Navy management system critically. Today, the smoke of Sino-Japanese naval battle in 1894 has been dispersed over 100 years, but the shame of failure of the Beiyang Navy inspires us to remember the lessons of history.In new era of the 21st century, we should draw lessons from history and be vigilant in peace time.we should see clearly the potential threat from marine direction ,speed up the modernization of the Navy construction to creat a peaceful and stable environment for our socialist construction. 【原文】 此处放置原文